What are the factors affecting the backward tilt of the crane boom

Dec 12th,2024 1055 Views

The single-beam crane, which uses the wire rope to pull the length of the boom, will produce a force that makes the boom tilt backward when it encounters various loading and unloading situations. The double beam crane mainly includes lifting mechanism, operating mechanism, amplitude changing mechanism, rotating mechanism and metal structure. Lifting mechanism is the basic working mechanism of the crane, mostly composed of hanging system and winch, but also through the hydraulic system lifting heavy objects. The horizontal distance, in m, between the rotating center line of the gantry crane and the plumb line of the fetching device. The amplitude of the non-rotating type boom crane refers to the horizontal distance between the center line of the spinner and the rear shaft of the boom or other typical axes. For the boom type crane, its rated lifting weight changes with the amplitude, and its lifting characteristics are characterized by lifting torque. The value indicated on the sign is the larger lifting weight. As a result, the accident of backward tilt of the boom occurs when the boom exceeds a relatively small change amplitude. Therefore, this type of truck crane equipment is installed with anti-roll devices. Boom backward tilt is mainly caused by the following problems:

1. The lifting sling, rigging or wire rope used for lifting is defective and suddenly breaks during lifting; Heavy objects fall; During the lifting process, heavy objects were scattered due to improper suspension by the crane driver. These conditions can cause sudden unloading, causing the boom to rebound and tilt.

2. Due to the failure of the lifting height limit device, the over-winding field accident occurred, resulting in the rope breaking; Or directly produce rear traction on the boom, resulting in the boom backward tilt accident.

3, the amplitude changing mechanism control failure, while the amplitude changing limit switch failure, in the process of amplitude changing boom tilt accident.

4, due to the impact of wind disaster insurance, the lifting arm may cause a backward tilt accident during the lifting work.

In order to prevent similar accidents, China's lifting machinery safety regulations clearly stipulate that mobile cranes and wall-mounted cranes should be equipped with anti-tipping devices.

At present, the anti-tilt device is mainly composed of two parts. The amplitude change position is initially limited by the amplitude change limit switch installed near the hinge point of the boom. Sometimes, the boom drives the amplitude indicator through a connecting rod mechanism, and a position switch is set on the amplitude plate to limit the position. The boom is then stopped by a mechanical device. Safety rope and safety rod are two commonly used anti-tipping devices. The safety rope adopts the calculated length and strength of the wire rope, the upper end is fixed on the turntable, and the other upper end is fixed on the lifting arm, and the tilt of the lifting arm is limited by the length of the wire rope.

The disadvantage of this anti-tipping device is that it can not play the role of buffering and damping, and the impact vibration is large. Bumpers are often used to mitigate vibration and shock. The working principle of the bumper is that the upper end of the bumper is hinged on the boom, and the lower end is hinged on the turntable; The bumper is a telescopic mechanism, which is telescopic with the tilt of the boom. A buffer spring is arranged in the sleeve to cushion, shock and limit the lifting arm. The bumper also adopts the combination of hydraulic pressure and oil and gas, which has better shock absorption and buffer performance than the spring.

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